For more than a decade, the question of what to offer patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma after front-line therapy was familiar. Treatment consisted of a VEGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, frequently sequenced after another. The framework began with the TARGET trial1 in patients with cytokine-refractory disease, and matured in the post-VEGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor population through the AXIS trial,2 which showed superiority of axitinib over sorafenib, and the pivotal METEOR trial,3 which established cabozantinib as a second-line standard of care.
Kaynak: The Lancet
