The future of China is inextricably linked to how well the country can nurture the development, health, and wellbeing of its young people. Over the past three decades, substantial investment in China has lifted more than 700 million people out of rural poverty, increased enrolment in higher education, and improved health outcomes: mortality in children younger than 5 years decreased from 61·0 deaths per 1000 livebirths in 1990 to 5·6 deaths per 1000 livebirths in 2024, the prevalence of tuberculosis was reduced by 51%, and routine immunisation coverage was sustained above 90% at the township level.

Kaynak: The Lancet